Nasal obstructions are blockages of the nasal cavity that impede airflow in and out of the nose. Either one or both nostrils may be affected. Most nasal obstructions are temporary, caused by colds, allergies, sinus infections or medications, while others require medical intervention.
Types of Nasal Obstruction
There are several different types of nasal obstruction. These include:
- Deviated nasal septum. The nasal septum is the wall-like structure that divides the left and right nostrils. A deviated septum refers to one that is crooked. Symptoms include difficulty breathing through the nose (especially one nostril) and a runny nose.
- Inferior turbinate hypertrophy. The nasal cavity contains bony structures called turbinates. These are susceptible to irritation from allergies and dust, which cause swelling and breathing difficulties.
- Choanal atresia. This is a congenital condition in which excess tissue in the nasal airway partially or completely blocks airflow, resulting in difficulty breathing.
- Nasal polyps. These benign growths occur on the mucosal lining of the nasal passages. They are typically small and, though noncancerous, can still cause obstructions of the sinuses, leading to congestion, breathing problems and sinus infections.
- Foreign objects in the nose. Most cases of foreign objects in the nose occur in toddlers and children. Common objects include food material, tissue paper, beads, toys and rocks.
- Oversized adenoids. Adenoids are a pair of soft tissue masses located behind the nose and the roof of the mouth that trap germs and create antibodies that aid the immune system in fighting off infection. They can easily become infected, leading to enlargement and blockage of airflow through the nose.
- Swelling of the nasal lining due to allergies. Allergies are the result of the immune system’s response to a harmless substance. When an allergen is encountered, antibodies are produced, which in turn trigger the release of chemicals called histamines. The release of histamine causes the telltale symptoms of allergies, including swelling of the nasal lining.
Treating Nasal Obstructions
We will carefully examine your nose using a lighted scope and may use a CT scan or MRI to diagnose your nasal obstruction. The first step in treating nasal obstructions is getting the symptoms under control. Medications or nasal steroid sprays are often helpful in reducing inflammation of the nose and turbinates and providing immediate, short-term relief.
An effective long-term solution may require surgery, particularly if the issue involves a deviated septum, turbinates or nasal polyps. Newer surgical techniques include shrinking the turbinates by using radiofrequency energy or a small tissue-shaving device.
Call California Sinus Centers for more information or to schedule an appointment.